History and development process.Ubuntu is built on Debians architecture and infrastructure, and comprises Linux server, desktop and discontinued phone and tablet.I wanted to update Ubuntu manually, because I used CDMA USB modem and connected using wvdial, but it wont able to update Ubuntu via Update Manager, because my Ubuntu.How do you use aptget to only install critical security updates on ubuntu Wed like to only upgrade packages that need to be upgraded for security reasons, without.Install and configure DNS server in Ubuntu 1.LTSThis comprehensive tutorial describes how to install and configure DNS server in Ubuntu 1.LTS 6.As you may know already, DNS is the short form of Domain name system, which is used to resolve hostnames into IP addresses and vice versa.For the purpose of this guide, I will be using three systems, one for Primary DNS server, other for secondary DNS, and the third one for DNS client.How To Update Packages Ubuntu Server GuiAll systems are running with Ubuntu 1.Here is the IP and host name of each system.Primary DNS server Operating system Ubuntu 1.How%20to%20Fix%20Ubuntu%20Update%20Errors_4.jpg' alt='How To Update Packages Ubuntu Server Download' title='How To Update Packages Ubuntu Server Download' />LTS 6.Hostname pri.IP address 1. 92.Secondary DNS server Operating system Ubuntu 1.LTS 6.Hostname sec. ostechnix.IP address 1.DNS Client Operating system Ubuntu 1.LTS 6.Hostname client. IP address 1.Let us get started.Install and Configure DNS server in Ubuntu 1.I will split this guide as as three parts for the sake of simplicity and easy understanding.Install and configure Caching only name server,Install and configure Primary DNS server or Master DNS server.Install and configure Secondary DNS server or Slave DNS server.Let us do it step by step.Part 1 Install and configure Caching only name server,Make sure your Ubuntu server is up to date.Install BIND9.After updating the system, run the following command to install BIND9 packages which are used to setup DNS server.Install BIND9.Configuring Caching name server.Caching name server saves the DNS query results locally for a particular period of time.It reduces the DNS servers traffic by saving the queries locally, therefore it improves the performance and efficiency of the DNS server.To configure Caching name server, edit etcbindnamed.Uncomment the following lines.And then, add your ISP or Google public DNS server IP addresses.Save and close the file.And then restart bind.We have successfully installed the caching name server.Testing Caching name server.Now let us check if it is working or not using command dig x 1.If you see something like below, congratulations Caching name server is working lt lt Di.G 9.P4 Ubuntu lt lt x 1.HEADERlt lt opcode QUERY, status NOERROR, id 2.QUERY 1, ANSWER 1, AUTHORITY 1, ADDITIONAL 3.OPT PSEUDOSECTION.EDNS version 0, flags udp 4.QUESTION SECTION.IN PTR. Php Update Insert Delete Form Control more. ANSWER SECTION.IN PTR localhost.AUTHORITY SECTION.IN NS localhost.ADDITIONAL SECTION.IN A 1.IN AAAA 1. Query time 0 msec.SERVER 1.WHEN Tue Aug 2.IST 2.MSG SIZE rcvd 1.Part 2 Install and configure Primary DNS server.Make sure your Ubuntu server is up to date using the following commands sudo apt get updatesudo apt get upgradesudo apt get dist upgrade.Install BIND9.Run the following command to install BIND9 packages.Configuring Primary DNS server.All configuration file be will be available under etcbind directory.Let us edit bind.Edit etcbindnamed.This file should have the following lines in it.If the lines are not there, just add them.Save the changes and exit the file.We need to define the forward and reverse zone files.To do so, edit named.Define the forward and reverse files as shown below.Here, for.And 1. 92. 1. 68.IP address of secondary DNS server.We do this because, the secondary DNS will start to fetch the queries if primary server is down.Save and close the file.Let us now create the zone files which we defined in the previous step.First let us create forward zone file as shown below.Add the following lines TTL 8.IN SOA pri.Serial. 3. 60. 0 Refresh.Retry.Expire. 8. 64. 00 Minimum TTL.IN NS pri.IN NS sec.IN A 1.IN A 1.IN A 1.IN A 1.IN A 1.IN A 1.Similarly, you can add the other client records as defined in the above file.Save and close the file.Next create reverse zone.Add the following lines TTL 8.IN SOA pri.Serial. 3. 60. 0 Refresh.Retry.Expire. 8. 64. 00 Minimum TTL.IN NS pri.IN NS sec.IN PTR ostechnix.IN A 1.IN A 1.IN A 1.IN PTR pri.IN PTR sec.IN PTR client.Save and close the file.Set the proper permissions and ownership to the bind.R 7.R bind bind etcbind.Next, we need to verify the DNS configuration files and zone files.Check the DNS configuration files with commands sudo named checkconf etcbindnamed.If the above commands returns nothing, it means DNS configuration is valid.Next, check the zone files using commands sudo named checkzone ostechnix.Sample output zone ostechnix.IN loaded serial 2.OKCheck the reverse zone file sudo named checkzone ostechnix.Sample output zone ostechnix.IN loaded serial 2.OKIf you got the results as shown above, then everything is good.Now, it is time to check whether the primary DNS server is working or not.Edit etcnetworkinterfaces file sudo vi etcnetworkinterfaces.Add the DNS server IP address.In our case, the DNS server IP is the same IP address of this machine itself.Save and close the file.Finally, restart Bind.Testing primary DNS server.Verify DNS server using dig or nslookup commands.Sample output lt lt Di.G 9.P4 Ubuntu lt lt pri.HEADERlt lt opcode QUERY, status NOERROR, id 5.QUERY 1, ANSWER 1, AUTHORITY 2, ADDITIONAL 2.OPT PSEUDOSECTION.EDNS version 0, flags udp 4.QUESTION SECTION.IN A.ANSWER SECTION.IN A 1.AUTHORITY SECTION.IN NS sec.IN NS pri. ostechnix.ADDITIONAL SECTION.IN A 1.Query time 0 msec.SERVER 1.WHEN Tue Aug 2.IST 2.MSG SIZE rcvd 1.Or, use nslookup command as shown below nslookup ostechnix.Area Under Curve Software Free .Sample output Server 1.Address 1.Name ostechnix. lan.Address 1.Name ostechnix. lan.Address 1.Name ostechnix. lan.Address 1.If you got results something like above, then primary DNS server is up and is working perfectly Part 2 Install and configure Secondary DNS server.You need a separate system to setup this server.We need secondary DNS server, because in case of any problem with Primary DNS, then secondary dns server will still resolve quries.First, Update server using commands sudo apt get updatesudo apt get upgradesudo apt get dist upgrade.Install BIND9.Install required bind.Configure secondary DNS server.Edit bind.Add the following lines if they are not there.Save and close the file.Next, we need to define zone files.To do so, edit named.Add or modify the following lines.Replace IP address and zone files with your own values.Here, 1.IP address of the primary DNS server.Please note that the path of zone files must be varcachebind directory.It is because App.Armor only allow write access inside it by default.Next set the proper permission and ownership to the bind directory.R 7.R bind bind etcbind.Then, edit network configuration file and add the primary and secondary DNS servers IP address.Save and close the file.Finally, reboot your system to take effect the all changes.Testing Secondary DNS server.As I mentioned already, we use dig or nslookup commands to test DNS server.Let us verify the secondary DNS server with command dig sec.Sample Output lt lt Di.G 9.P4 Ubuntu lt lt sec.HEADERlt lt opcode QUERY, status NOERROR, id 4.QUERY 1, ANSWER 1, AUTHORITY 2, ADDITIONAL 2.OPT PSEUDOSECTION.EDNS version 0, flags udp 4.QUESTION SECTION.IN A.ANSWER SECTION.IN A 1.AUTHORITY SECTION.IN NS sec.IN NS pri. ostechnix.ADDITIONAL SECTION.IN A 1.Query time 2 msec.SERVER 1.WHEN Tue Aug 2.IST 2.
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